Europe ยท Western Europe ยท Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Events where Netherlands was directly involved or significantly affected.
West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg established the EEC, the precursor to the European Union.
Source: EU Archives
OPEC members proclaimed an oil embargo targeting nations perceived as supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War, quadrupling oil prices and causing global economic disruption.
Source: OPEC Archives
Germany and 10 other EU nations adopted the euro, creating the worlds second-largest reserve currency and transforming European monetary policy.
Source: ECB
The United Kingdom voted 52% to 48% to leave the European Union, initiating a complex multi-year withdrawal process completed in January 2020.
Source: UK Electoral Commission