Africa
Mali is presented here as a historical economic dossier rather than a flat stat sheet: long-run macro cycles, public balance-sheet pressure, market depth, external buffers, and the events that likely bent the curve.
A tighter current-state read before dropping into the long historical charts.
The timeline is where macro numbers meet story: crises, wars, policy shifts, trade deals, and other shocks connected to Mali.
Seventeen African countries gained independence from European colonial powers in 1960, marking the most rapid decolonization in history. These included Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Mali, and many others.
Military coup overthrew the government, leading to political instability and conflict.